The North Carolina Chapter of The Wildlife Society submitted formal comments to the USFWS in response to the Service’s proposed listing of the southern hognose snake (Heterodon simus) under the Endangered Species Act. The Service’s proposal is to list the species as threatened under section 4(d) of the ESA. The Chapter provided several recommendations for targeted actions to support recovery of the species, including habitat restoration and control of invasive fire ants. They urged the USFWS to identify critical habitat for the species in coordination with states and other conservation organizations across the species’ range.